The Early Development of Retail Shops in London: The Birth of Modern Commerce
The Early Development of Retail Shops in London: The Birth of Modern Commerce In the heart of the 17th and 18th centuries, London was rapidly transforming from a medieval city into a bustling center of global trade. The streets, once narrow and filled with small stalls and open markets, gradually evolved into the foundation of what would become the modern retail industry. The development of early retail shops in London not only reshaped the urban landscape but also reflected the rise of a consumer culture that would spread throughout Europe and beyond. 1. From Street Markets to Permanent Shops Before the 17th century, most trade in London occurred in open-air markets such as Cheapside, Smithfield, and Billingsgate. These markets were noisy, crowded, and lively spaces where merchants and customers bargained over prices. However, as London’s population grew and wealth increased through overseas trade, demand rose for more reliable, organized, and permanent place...